Central Bank Digital Currencies: opportunità, rischi e benefici per la sicurezza

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are digital currencies issued by central banks, designed to ensure access to public money in the digital economy and to preserve monetary sovereignty in the face of private operators and Big Tech companies. They offer advantages in terms of efficiency, reduced cash management costs, financial inclusion, and the fight against tax evasion, money laundering, and terrorism. However, they also pose significant challenges: privacy protection, the risk of excessive traceability, state surveillance, and possible banking disintermediation. This work analyzes cryptographic solutions such as zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, and anonymity vouchers, aimed at balancing anonymity, security, and regulatory compliance, with particular attention to the future of the Digital Euro.