Following the introduction of the course “Customs Law and Trade Policy of the European Union” as part of the bachelor’s degree program in International Studies and European Institutions (SIE) at the University of Milan, it was deemed necessary to revise this volume in order to update and expand the topics covered. In addition to the necessary review of the cited regulatory sources and practice documents, certain sections of the volume have been expanded to include topics not present in previous editions, taking into account the most significant recent developments, as well as updating and supplementing the supplementary materials included with the volume. In light of the most recent changes in the international geopolitical landscape, foreign trade has been affected by unexpected and unpredictable situations of uncertainty, making it essential for those involved in international trade to gain an ever-greater understanding of customs dynamics and procedures, as well as the potential risks associated with measures regulating international trade.

Furthermore, at the EU level, the Commission’s proposed reform of the Customs Code envisions a digital and integrated environment for data management and risk analysis, within which the strategic role of trusted operators is further strengthened, as they are granted access to an ever-increasing range of simplifications.